R port of Dominik Seidel's fractal analysis "box-dimension" metric.
Arguments
- cloud
A point cloud matrix size n x 3. Non-matrices are automatically converted to a matrix.
- lowercutoff
The smallest box size determined by the point spacing of the cloud in meters. Defaults to 1 cm.
- rm_int_box
Remove the initial box as TRUE or FALSE. Defaults to FALSE.
- plot
Plot the results. The user can specify "2D", "3D", or "ALL" plots. FALSE disables plotting. Defaults to FALSE.
References
Arseniou G, MacFarlane DW, Seidel D (2021). “Measuring the Contribution of Leaves to the Structural Complexity of Urban Tree Crowns with Terrestrial Laser Scanning.” Remote Sensing, 13(14). doi:10.3390/rs13142773 .
Mandelbrot BB (1983). The fractal geometry of nature. Freeman.
Saarinen N, Calders K, Kankare V, Yrttimaa T, Junttila S, Luoma V, Huuskonen S, Hynynen J, Verbeeck H (2021). “Understanding 3D structural complexity of individual Scots pine trees with different management history.” Ecology and Evolution, 11(6), 2561-2572. doi:10.1002/ece3.7216 .
Seidel D (2018). “A holistic approach to determine tree structural complexity based on laser scanning data and fractal analysis.” Ecology and Evolution, 8(1), 128-134. doi:10.1002/ece3.3661 .
Seidel D, Annighöfer P, Stiers M, Zemp CD, Burkardt K, Ehbrecht M, Willim K, Kreft H, Hölscher D, Ammer C (2019). “How a measure of tree structural complexity relates to architectural benefit-to-cost ratio, light availability, and growth of trees.” Ecology and Evolution, 9(12), 7134-7142. doi:10.1002/ece3.5281 .
Examples
## Calculate Box Dimension
file <- system.file("extdata/cloud.txt", package = "rTwig")
cloud <- read.table(file, header = FALSE)
output <- box_dimension(cloud, plot = "ALL")
#> Panning plot on rgl device: 1
output
#> [[1]]
#> # A tidytable: 9 × 2
#> log.box.size log.voxels
#> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 0 1.10
#> 2 0.693 1.95
#> 3 1.39 3.09
#> 4 2.08 4.11
#> 5 2.77 5.18
#> 6 3.47 6.14
#> 7 4.16 7.16
#> 8 4.85 8.23
#> 9 5.55 9.27
#>
#> [[2]]
#> # A tidytable: 1 × 4
#> r.squared adj.r.squared intercept slope
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.48
#>